基于PWM的远程控制新型变量喷雾系统设计

针对目前地面植保喷雾机械的局限性,开发了一种新型的变量喷雾系统。该系统在保持电动离心喷头压力和流量不变的前提下,采用离心雾化方式,雾化盘由三相无感无刷直流电机带动,利用ARM控制器输出频率固定占空比不同PWM信号作为无刷直流电机电子调速器的油门转速信号,改变雾化盘的转速,从而改变雾滴的粒径大小及覆盖率等参数。该系统采用了一个功率较大的无线收发模块SI4432,最大距离达到2km范围(这也是和其他远程喷雾系统相比根本的优势),用单片机和上位机远程实时地控制雾化盘的转速,同时在上位机和液晶屏幕上显示占空比。最后,利用设计的变量喷雾平台,在喷头压力为0.5MPa、流量为2L/min、雾化盘直径为5 8 mm的条件下,获得了离心雾化喷头在不同的占空比对应的雾滴中值直径和覆盖率大小,通过上位机就可以实现电动离心喷头转速的较大范围的调整,可以在不同喷雾环境下针对不同的农作物使用这套系统。     

基于农业物联网的改进型双门限频谱检测算法研究

农业物联网的出现,对信息化与农业现代化融合具有积极推动的作用。在农业物联网中信息传输是一个至关重要的环节,到目前为止,普通的3G和4G通信网络已经不能提供农业物联网中进行信息传递所需要的频谱资源,而认知无线电网络恰恰可以满足农业物联网的需求。它显著的特点就是可以发现未被授权用户利用的频谱,来供给未授权用户使用,提高了频谱资源的利用率。在认知无线电中,最重要的步骤就是进行频谱检测,笔者就是在双门限频谱检测算法的基础上提出一种新型算法。该算法适当地选取条件好的认知用户进行数据融合,并不是采纳所有认知用户的本地检测信息。仿真结果表明:本文提出的算法可有效提高认知无线电系统中频谱感知的性能,降低虚警概率,以更好地为农业物联网提供可用的频谱资源。     

分块子空间追踪算法

压缩传感理论是一种充分利用信号稀疏性或者可压缩性的全新信号采样理论。该理论表明，通过采集少量的信号测量值就能够实现可稀疏信号的精确重构。本文在研究现有经典重构算法的基础上，提出结合图像分块思想和回溯思想的分块子空间追踪算法（Block Subspace Pursuit, B_SP）用于压缩传感信号的重构。该算法以块结构获取图像，利用回溯过程实现支撑集的自适应筛选，最终实现图像信号的精确重构。实验结果表明，在相同测试条件下，该算法的重构效果无论从主观视觉上还是客观数据上都有不同程度的提高。     

TM6对遥感主成分分析监测土壤含水率的影响

研究TM6波段对遥感监测土壤含水率的影响。以2003年10月到2005年3月宝鸡峡灌区二支渠土壤含水率实测数据及同步TM数据为基础,将TM数据以TM1-TM5、TM7和TM1-TM7分为两种组合,分别进行主成分分量提取,建立两种土壤含水率监测模型。以2005年6月28日遥感数据为基础,将采用两种模型所得的土壤含水率计算值与实测值进行相关分析及精度分析。结果表明,用TM1-TM5、TM7数据组合所得结果,其精度为57.75%~85.40%。当加入热红外波段TM6后,即TM1-TM7数据组合,最低精度可提高至67.79%~86.35%,明显高于前者,而且,在监测土壤含水率较低或较高的地区时更为敏感。因此,加入TM6波段的遥感主成分分析方法,可望在较高精度水平上监测土壤含水率有广阔的应用前景。     

Analysis of salinization dynamics by remote sensing in Hetao Irrigation District of North China

Remote sensing can provide base information for documenting salinity change and for predicting its future evolution trend. The spatial and temporal distributions of soil salinization of Jiefangzha Irrigation Sub-district, the western part of Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia in northern China, were determined through analysis of satellite-based remote sensing images. Three Landsat TM/ETM+ satellite images taken during 14 years (1991 ∼ 2005) coupled with field observations were chosen as the basic data sources. Supervised classification and visual interpretation were used to analyze salinity classification and statistical method was applied to analyze the relationship between salinity and groundwater depth. From 1991 to 2005 the area of heavy saline land decreased from 191 to 136 km², or 3.9 km² per year; the moderate saline land decreased from 318 to 284 km², or 2.5 km² per year; the slight saline land decreased from 510 to 394 km², or 8.2 km² per year. Therefore, soil salinization in Jiefangzha Irrigation Sub-district is decreasing in general. The electrical conductivity (EC) values measured from field have the following relationship with the reflectance composition obtained from LANDSAT Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data: EC = 5.653(band5 − band7)/(band5 + band7) + 0.246. In addition, an r² value between EC values and groundwater depth is 0.72, which indicates groundwater depth is the major factor for the regional soil salinity control. The paper can serve as a theoretical reference for optimal allocation of irrigation water resource and salinization control in Hetao Irrigation District.     

An approach for precision farming under pivot irrigation system using remote sensing and GIS techniques

The current work is aimed to realizing land and water use efficiency and determining the profitability of precision farming economically and environmentally. The studied area is represented by an experimental pivot irrigation field cultivated with maize in Ismailia province, Egypt. Two field practices were carried out during the successive summer growing seasons (2008 and 2009) to study the response of maize plants single hybrid 10 (S.H.10) to traditional and precision farming practices. Traditional farming (TF) as handled by the farm workers were observed and noted carefully. On the other hand precision farming (PF) practices included field scouting, grid soil sampling, variable rate technology and its applications. After applying PF a dramatic change in management zones was noticed and three management zones (of total four) were merged to be more homogenous representing 84.3% of the pivot irrigation field.Under PF Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System techniques have played a vital role in the variable rate applications that were defined due to management zones requirements. Fertilizers were added in variable rates, so that rationalization of fertilizers saved 23.566 tonnes/experimental pivot area. Natural drainage system was improved by designing vertical holes to break down massive soil layers and to leach excessive salts. Crop water requirements were determined in variable rate according to the actual plant requirements using SEBAL model with the aid of FAO Cropwat model. Irrigation schedule of maize was adopted considering soil water retention, depletion, gross and net irrigation saving an amount of water equal to 93,718 m³ in the pivot irrigation field (153.79 acre). However costs of applying PF were much higher than TF, the economic profitability (returns-costs) achieved remarkable increase of 29.89% as a result of crop yield increment by 1000, 2100, 800 and 200 kg/acre in the management zones 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Finally applying adequate amounts of fertilizers beside water control the environmental hazards was reduced to the acceptable limits.     

基于ODBC技术的庭院可视化远程灌溉系统设计

水是制约可持续发展最重要的因素,而家庭灌溉将很快成为城市的用水大户,如何从硬件技术上实现节约有限的水资源关系到眼前以及未来的发展。为了解决城市用户需水量不断增加和水资源相对匮乏的现状,提供了一种可视化精确灌溉系统,该系统以MySQL数据库为中间媒介,利用Internet作为信息远程传输载体,通过一些特别的对象集合如ODBC来进行数据库连接,利用高级程序语言VB.NET实现数据库的调用。该系统经过长期调试,能够较好地完成灌区的管理,实现节水灌溉。     

基于MCGS的蚕种催青环境远程控制系统设计

介绍了一种基于MCGS(网络版)的蚕种催青环境远程控制系统,描述了该系统的总体结构、硬件组成和软件设计。系统采用采集控制器采集现场温度、湿度、光照、气流等数据,通过对组态软件进行二次开发,实现PC机与采集控制器进行通讯,可以现场和远程监控催青室的温度、湿度、光照和气流等环境参数。实际运行表明,该系统具有性能稳定可靠、运行成本低、监测精度高等特点,并具有实时动画显示、报警功能显示、数据库查询和报表输出打印等功能。     

基于遥感和蚁群算法的多目标种植结构优化

针对农业种植结构与水资源不匹配的问题,以主要作物不同生育期需水特点和区域降水特点吻合性为基础,建立了考虑灌区节水效益、经济效益和生态效益的多目标种植结构优化模型,并以宝鸡峡五泉灌区为例,利用遥感快速获取灌区种植结构信息,并以不同口粮面积约束为条件建立2种优化方案,采用蚁群算法对模型在不同约束下的2种优化方案进行优化求解.结果表明：方案1,2的灌区需水总量为现状的85.4%和83.4%,纯收入比现状在平水年低5.4%和高7.1%,在干旱年低5.9%和高7.3%,降雨耦合度分别在平水年高12.6%和15.6%,干旱年高17.5%和28.6%,对2种不同约束方案优化结果比较得出,方案2为最优调整方案.该研究在未改变原有灌区种植面积的条件下,经种植结构优化调整后,既可保持灌区生态环境的可持续发展,又使灌区经济收入有很大的提高.这对农业节水规划具有较高的实用价值和理论意义.     

远程通讯智能控制系统研究

文章介绍了一种以单片机AT89C51和双音多频解码块MT8870为核心器件的控制系统,用户通过手机或固定电话可远程控制家用电器和办公设备,实现住宅的智能化和办公的自动化,具有较广泛的推广使用价值.